Consumer Discretionary

Indian Automotive Passenger Car Revolution 

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Until the late 1980s, with emphasis on indigenizing parts and assemblies, limited models manufactured by Hindustan Motors, Premier, and Mahindra &amp; Mahindra were available in petrol and diesel. The new revolution started with the entry of Maruti Cars in India in 1983. It was a purely supply-driven market.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Post-liberalization Phase in Indian Passenger Car Industry&nbsp;</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">The 1990s started with a significant slowdown in the economy during 1991. The government liberalized the economy; thus, a shift from mere indigenization to efficiency and better designs started.&nbsp;</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Post-liberalization, car makers previously not allowed to invest in the Indian market arrived in the country. Maruti &amp; Suzuki joint venture, Toyota and Kirloskar joint venture, Hyundai, and Honda expanded their base in the country.&nbsp;</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Around this time, LPG and Natural Gas were introduced as alternate fuels.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;" data-contrast="none">Expansion of the Automotive Industry</span> <span data-contrast="none">&nbsp;</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">2000-2010, the automotive industry was fully delicenced, with the free import of Automate components and 100%FDI allowed. Almost every major car company expanded its presence in India by establishing manufacturing facilities nationwide.&nbsp;</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Focus on exports of automobiles from India&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Maruti Suzuki was among the first car brands to ship vehicles to major European Markets. During this decade, the Indian Government introduced mandatory Emission Norms Bharat stages 3&amp;4 based on stringent European Norms, implemented in major cities to reduce vehicle pollution. India became the 3rd Largest exporter of cars in Asia.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;" data-contrast="none">EV Projects</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">During 2011-2020, India became the sixth-largest country in the world in terms of production. The government's Automotive Mission Plan 2016-26 set an aspiration to make India an Automobile Manufacturing Hub for the global market. Guidelines on quicker adoption of EVs by facilitating affordable charging infrastructure and ecosystem were introduced. Tata, Force Motors, Morris Garage, Audi, MG motors, BYD-Olectra, Ashok Leyland, Hyundai, SAIC Motor, Mercedez Benz, Mahindra, and KIA motors announced their investment in EV Projects and collaborations amounting to over 25000crores. </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">The COVID-19 pandemic stalled production and overall economic activity.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;" data-contrast="none">Current Scenario</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Post Covid 19, the market is stabilizing, shrugging off the impact of a pandemic.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Major trends observed are:</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span data-contrast="none">Increased Demand for MPV'sand SUVs</span></strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">People prefer to buy MPV'sand SUVs over sedan cars leading to many new launches of MPV and SUVs</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span data-contrast="none">Microprocessor Chips Shortage</span></strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Most of the major brands of leading automobile companies are in short supply, with customers having to book their cars and wait for a while before they get delivery. The shortage in the supply of passenger vehicles/SUVs is being attributed to the supply of microprocessor chips which have been further hit by the Russia-Ukrain war.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">The measures taken to mitigate the impact of microprocessor chip shortage are :</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has developed a program called SEMICON - A program aimed at attracting semiconductor companies, such as Intel, AMD, etc., to fabricate and manufacture electronic chips in India</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="2" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">The government has announced a new incentive scheme worth 76000 crores to boost the semiconductor ecosystem in the country</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="3" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Automakers have tried to reduce the effects of the crisis by reducing or even shuttering the production of unpopular/less-demand models.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">&nbsp;</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span data-contrast="none">Prioritization of Environmental Issues and Sustainability</span></strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Environmental Pollution Monitoring &amp; Control is one of the major Environmental priorities in India. The major initiatives by the government are:</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="4" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">scraping policy for 10 &amp; 15-year-old petrol and diesel cars</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="5" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Introduction of ethanol mixed E-20 fuel for cars</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="6" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Accelerating EV adoption in India- Many auto manufacturers have already invested in this project</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="7" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Focus on becoming a superpower in the production of Green- Hydrogen</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">&nbsp;</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">With priority implementation of this, In the next five years, the Maximum number of vehicles will be based on the above fuel/EV. It is time for auto dealers to shift from the traditional service set-up and suit/shift the infrastructure, ensuring process changes.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<br /><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><em>This article was contributed by our expert <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/balakrishnabv611/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Balakrishna B V</a></em></span><br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Frequently Asked Questions Answered by Balakrishna B V</span></h3><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;1. <strong>What are the reasons behind the microprocessor chip shortage in the Indian automotive industry?</strong></span></h2><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="8" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">The covid-19 pandemic led to a global shortage of semiconductor chips</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="9" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">The demand for semiconductors has increased tremendously, and the existing production capacity is unable to keep up</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="10" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Taiwan produces over 60% of the world's semiconductors and over 90% of the most advanced ones&mdash;the China-US Trade War and 2021 Drought in Taiwan.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><h2 style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</h2><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt;" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong>What are the future projections for EV adoption in the Indian passenger car market, and how does it contribute to India's goal of becoming a global hub for automobile manufacturing?</strong></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Governments have made clear policies for EVs under the FAME scheme to achieve 30% EV sales penetration for cars, 70% for commercial vehicles, 40% for Buses, and 80% for two and three-wheelers by 2030.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Most of the Manufacturers have already invested in the EV project in India.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<br /><strong><span data-contrast="none">3. What are the key challenges faced in terms of charging infrastructure and ecosystem development for EVs in India?</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">Two main challenges for EV Charging Infrastructure are:</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="11" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Building enough charging stations in the right locations</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="12" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Having the electric grid to support its trouble-free operation further</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. <strong>How are automotive manufacturers in India incorporating Green Hydrogen technology into their vehicles as part of the passenger car revolution?</strong></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">The government has a big ambitious and serious plan on Green Hydrogen. This is still in the initial stages. Toyota, BMW, Hyundai, and Honda are already working on this project.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong>5. What are the advantages and barriers of using Green Hydrogen as a fuel source in the Indian automotive industry?</strong></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span data-contrast="none">&nbsp;<strong>Advantages</strong></span><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="13" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">No Vehicle Emissions other than water vapour</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="14" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Fuel Economy is equivalent to about twice that of gasoline vehicles</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="15" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Hydrogen is abundant and can be made from renewable energy</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<br /><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Barriers&nbsp;</strong></p><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="16" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">High costs of hydrogen extraction</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="17" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Overall cost and hydrogen storage</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li><li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" aria-setsize="-1" data-aria-posinset="18" data-aria-level="1"><span data-contrast="none">Infrastructure, as hydrogen is a highly flammable fuel source</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:0,&quot;335551620&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>
KR Expert - Balakrishna B V

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