Next-Gen Energy Infrastructure In Sweden

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q1. Could you start by giving us a brief overview of your professional background, particularly focusing on your expertise in the industry?</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">I am a Renewable Energy Engineer with a strong focus on energy storage, grid integration, and sustainable energy transitions, with experience spanning research, industry collaboration, and international project development within the renewable energy and storage sectors.</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q2. Which storage technologies are best positioned to meet Sweden’s renewable load balancing needs over the next 5 years?</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the form of Li-ion batteries will by far be the dominant technology. If anything competes with it will be Na-ion or redox flow batteries but won’t take a significant market portion (anything double-digits)</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q3. Which sub-segments within the C&I space are driving the highest PV capacity additions, and what unique product demands are emerging?</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">EV charging infrastructure and critical facilities (data centers, telecom, hospitals) are driving the most growth, with demand for integrated BESS, rapid deployment, and on-site energy management solutions.</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q4. What role will aggregate DERs and Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) play in the Swedish electricity market post-2025?</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Aggregated DERs and VPPs will be pivotal for grid stability, enabling real-time balancing, integrating residential storage, and supporting Sweden’s 100% renewable target by providing flexible, decentralized resources and still providing at least 70% of the daily profit of a BESS.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q5. How are big tech companies influencing the smart grid AI stack, and what opportunities exist for partnerships vs competition?</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Tech giants like Microsoft, Google, and Amazon are driving AI-powered grid optimization, opening opportunities for collaboration on digital infrastructure and grid flexibility. However, competition for green energy procurement is intensifying, and the requirements to be fulfilled are substantial.</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q6. How are falling lithium-ion battery and PV module costs reshaping product configurations?</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Rapid cost declines are enabling smaller and more flexible C&I projects, as well as integrated solar-plus-storage systems, which are accelerating adoption in both grid-scale and distributed applications. This is making second-life batteries non-viable for stationary storage, given the emergence of a competing new battery market. They are also changing the ROIs of BCs that did not make sense in the past to attractive in more northern geographies.</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><br><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q7. If you were an investor looking at companies within the space, what critical question would you pose to their senior management?</span></h2><ul><li style="text-align: justify;">What is your business model’s resilience to market, technology, and regulatory risks—specifically</li><li style="text-align: justify;">How do you ensure project bankability, technology maturity, and stable offtake in a rapidly evolving energy landscape?</li><li style="text-align: justify;">What is your current pipeline of grid connections and land permits? (since this is the most critical bottleneck)<br> </li></ul><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>

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